CHAPTER 5 VOCABULARY
1. age-structure diagram - Graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population.
2. carrying capacity - Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support.
3. demographic transition - Change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
4. demography - Scientific study of human populations.
5. density-dependent limiting factor - Limiting factor that depends on population size.
6. density-independent limiting factor - Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size.
7. emigration - Movement of individuals out of an area.
8. exponential growth - Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.
9. immigration - Movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population.
10. limiting factor - Factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease.
11. logistic growth - Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.
12. population density - Number of individuals per unit of area.
13. predator-prey relationship - Mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation.
CHAPTER 6 VOCABULARY
1. acid rain - Rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids.
2. agriculture - The practice of farming.
3. aquaculture - The raising of aquatic organisms for human consumption.
4. biodiversity - Biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
5. biological magnification - Increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web.
6. conservation - Wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife.
7. deforestation - Destruction of forests.
8. desertification - In areas with dry climates, a process caused by a combination of poor farming practices, overgrazing, and drought that turns productive land into desert.
9. ecosystem diversity - Variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world.
10. endangered species - Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues.
11. extinction - Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range.
12. genetic diversity - Sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today.
13. global warming - Increase in the average temperatures on Earth.
14. green revolution - The development of highly productive crop strains and the use of modern agricultural techniques to increase yields of food crops.
15. habitat fragmentation - Splitting of ecosystems into small fragments.
16. invasive species - Plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native.
17. monoculture - Farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year.
18. nonrenewable resource - Resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes.
19. ozone layer - Atmospheric layer in which ozone gas is relatively concentrated.
20. pollutant - Harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water.
21. renewable resource - Resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable.
22. smog - Mixture of chemicals that occurs as a gray-brown haze in the atmosphere.
23. soil erosion - Wearing away of surface soil by water and wind.
24. species diversity - Number of different species in the biosphere.
25. sustainable development - Using natural resources at a rate that does not deplete them.
1. age-structure diagram - Graph of the numbers of males and females within different age groups of a population.
2. carrying capacity - Largest number of individuals of a population that a given environment can support.
3. demographic transition - Change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.
4. demography - Scientific study of human populations.
5. density-dependent limiting factor - Limiting factor that depends on population size.
6. density-independent limiting factor - Limiting factor that affects all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size.
7. emigration - Movement of individuals out of an area.
8. exponential growth - Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate.
9. immigration - Movement of individuals into an area occupied by an existing population.
10. limiting factor - Factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease.
11. logistic growth - Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth.
12. population density - Number of individuals per unit of area.
13. predator-prey relationship - Mechanism of population control in which a population is regulated by predation.
CHAPTER 6 VOCABULARY
1. acid rain - Rain containing nitric and sulfuric acids.
2. agriculture - The practice of farming.
3. aquaculture - The raising of aquatic organisms for human consumption.
4. biodiversity - Biological diversity; the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere.
5. biological magnification - Increasing concentration of a harmful substance in organisms at higher trophic levels in a food chain or food web.
6. conservation - Wise management of natural resources, including the preservation of habitats and wildlife.
7. deforestation - Destruction of forests.
8. desertification - In areas with dry climates, a process caused by a combination of poor farming practices, overgrazing, and drought that turns productive land into desert.
9. ecosystem diversity - Variety of habitats, living communities, and ecological processes in the living world.
10. endangered species - Species whose population size is rapidly declining and will become extinct if the trend continues.
11. extinction - Disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range.
12. genetic diversity - Sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by all organisms living on Earth today.
13. global warming - Increase in the average temperatures on Earth.
14. green revolution - The development of highly productive crop strains and the use of modern agricultural techniques to increase yields of food crops.
15. habitat fragmentation - Splitting of ecosystems into small fragments.
16. invasive species - Plants and animals that have migrated to places where they are not native.
17. monoculture - Farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year.
18. nonrenewable resource - Resource that cannot be replenished by natural processes.
19. ozone layer - Atmospheric layer in which ozone gas is relatively concentrated.
20. pollutant - Harmful material that can enter the biosphere through the land, air, or water.
21. renewable resource - Resource that can regenerate quickly and that is replaceable.
22. smog - Mixture of chemicals that occurs as a gray-brown haze in the atmosphere.
23. soil erosion - Wearing away of surface soil by water and wind.
24. species diversity - Number of different species in the biosphere.
25. sustainable development - Using natural resources at a rate that does not deplete them.